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This situation changed with the rise of Indian nationalism as a mass movement, especially under the leadership of Gandhi during the Non-Cooperation Movement. The earliest Tamil periodicals date to the 1840s but until the early 20th century they were characterised by limited print runs and restricted readership. Manikodi was launched at a time when there was an explosive growth in the Tamil periodical press. Not incidentally, the founders of Manikodi, and many of its contributors were Indian nationalists closely associated with the Indian National Congress, they were deeply respectful of Gandhi, and had been imprisoned in the movement. Its origins lay in the nationalist ferment of the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–34). A brief revival in 1950 did not take off.įor a journal that made signal contributions to modern literature, Manikodi started as a political weekly. Started in 1933, Manikodi was published in fits and starts, and folded up in 1939. Rajagopalan wrote extensively in Manikodi. The Tamil short story greats, Pudumaippithan and Ku. Manikodi was closely associated with the idea of a ‘marumalarchi’ (a Tamil neologism for ‘renaissance’), and it is credited with the flowering, maturation and naturalization of the genre of the short story in Tamil.
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The rival celebrations of its golden jubilee, in 1983, indicates its continuing importance and its contestation. On the other hand, many writers, especially of leftist persuasion, used it in a pejorative sense, to refer to writers who had no social commitment. Well into the late 20th century, writers claimed descent-a claim that was often contested-from the journal, and called themselves, Manikodi Ezhuthalargal, or ‘Manikodi writers’. Manikodi has an iconic place in modern Tamil literature.